Missed diagnosis

Depression in older adults is often not diagnosed. That's because of stereotypes that family, caregivers, and even healthcare providers have that older adults are depressed in general. Older adults may hide their depression by complaining about a physical problem. This makes it harder to diagnose.

Common signs of depression include:

• Sleep problems, including too little or too much sleep, or getting up earlier than desired

• Less pleasure and interest in previously enjoyed activities

• Less energy or focus

• Increase or decrease in appetite

• Feelings of hopelessness or helplessness

• Increased use of alcohol or drugs

• Isolation

• Thoughts of death or suicide

• Self-destructive and suicidal behavior

• Irritability

• Difficulty making decisions, concentrating, or remembering details

• Complaints of headaches, cramps, aches, pains, or digestive problems that do not get better, even with treatment

Older adults are more likely to die by suicide than any other age group. Of every 100,000 people age 75 and older, 19.1 died by suicide. This figure is higher than the national average of 13.48 suicides per 100,000 people. Non-Hispanic white men older than 85 have the highest suicide rates: 47.8 per 100,000 people. Many of these men visited their healthcare provider in the last month.

Depression often happens at the same time as another serious illness. This can include heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer.

Lingering symptoms

Healthcare providers look for depression symptoms that go on for weeks at a time. If you have symptoms, your healthcare provider will also do a physical exam. They will rule out other causes for the symptoms. These can include certain medicines or health conditions. A person who is physically ill and not getting better often has an underlying depression. Medicine, psychotherapy, or a combination of both can be effective in treating depression. Mild cases of depression may be eased by psychotherapy alone. People with moderate to severe depression often need antidepressant medicine. To protect older adults against another bout of depression, it's advised to follow up for 6 months to a year after the person is free of symptoms.

You can help prevent depression by staying active and being connected to other people through family, community activities, senior groups, or a religious affiliation.

If you see signs of depression in yourself, a friend, or a family member, don't wait until it becomes severe. Talk with your healthcare provider about your own symptoms. Or talk to the person with depression. Encourage them to speak with a healthcare provider. And to get treatment from a mental health provider.