What is cardiac rehabilitation?

Cardiac rehabilitation is a medically supervised program to help people who have heart disease. It's designed to improve heart recovery and your ability to function, and prepare you for future daily activities. It's overseen by a healthcare provider. People in this program may have had a heart attack or heart surgery. Cardiac rehab can often help you get better at your daily tasks. It may ease your symptoms and give you a sense of well-being.

Who can be helped by cardiac rehab?

You may be helped by cardiac rehab if you have certain heart conditions or if you have had certain heart procedures. These include:

• Stable angina. This is chest pain caused by disease in the arteries of your heart.

• Heart attack (myocardial infarction). A heart attack happens when the heart muscle itself doesn’t get enough blood.

• Heart failure. This means your heart can't pump blood as well as it should. Your body then does not get enough blood.

• Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. This is surgery to bypass blocked arteries in the heart. It uses an artery or vein to go around the blocked vessel.

• Heart valve repair or replacement. This is surgery to fix or replace 1 of your heart valves. The valves keep blood flowing in 1 direction in your heart.

• Heart or heart-lung transplant. This is surgery to replace a damaged heart or heart and lungs.

• Angioplasty with or without a stent. This is done to fix an artery in your heart. The cardiologist may put a small mesh tube (stent) inside the artery to help keep it open.

• Peripheral artery disease. This means the arteries that send blood to your arms and legs or other organs are narrowed.

The cardiac rehab team

Your cardiac rehab program may start while you are in the hospital or soon after you are discharged. Many different healthcare providers may help with your cardiac rehab. They include:

• Specialists. Specialists may include an expert in diagnosing and treating heart disease (cardiologist), a heart surgeon (cardiovascular or cardiothoracic surgeon), and rehabilitation specialist (physiatrist).

• Primary care providers. These include a specialist in caring for adults (internist) and a healthcare provider who cares for all family members (family practice provider).

• Cardiac nurses. These are nurses who have special training in caring for people with heart problems.

• Registered dietitian or nutritionist. This person has special training in healthy eating and in diets for people with heart and other health conditions.

• Physical therapist. This specialist is trained to help improve how you move to ease your pain and disability as well as improve your ability to function.

• Occupational therapist. This specialist is trained to help improve how well you can do your daily tasks.

• Psychologist, psychiatrist, or counselor. This person helps with mental health problems. They can help you cope with daily stress, including long-term health problems.

• Case manager or social worker. This person helps with planning your care. It may be in the hospital, in long-term care, or at home.

Other healthcare providers may also be involved. It depends on your needs and your program.

The cardiac rehab program

Your cardiac rehab program is designed to meet your needs. It's overseen by a cardiologist (cardiac specialist) and a team of cardiac health providers. Your program may last from 6 weeks to more than a year.

The goal of cardiac rehab is to help ease your symptoms and make your heart as healthy as possible. Your program may include:

• Exercise program. This makes you more fit and helps your heart work better.

• Classes to help you change your lifestyle and habits. For example, classes and support to help you quit smoking. Or you may take a nutrition class to learn how to eat better.

• Stress management. You will learn how to manage stress to lower your anxiety.

• Counseling. This will help you learn about your specific condition and how to live with it.

• Occupational therapy. This is to help you get ready to go back to work or to manage normal activities of daily living.