Port-wine stains

A port-wine stain is a birthmark caused by a problem with how blood vessels formed. It creates a pink, red, or purple discoloration of the skin. As the child grows, the mark may become darker. Port-wine stains can appear on any part of the body and can vary in size. Facial port wine stains may be linked to a nervous system disorder called Sturge Weber syndrome. Pulsed dye lasers are most commonly used for treatment. Adults may have this procedure done with only local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. This means they can go home the same day. Children or adults with large port-wine stains may be treated under general anesthesia. Multiple treatments will be needed.

Hemangiomas

Hemangiomas are a common type of birthmark. They are caused by an abnormal buildup of blood vessels. Hemangiomas may vary in appearance. They may range from red raised patches to deeper purple areas. Hemangiomas usually appear within the first month of a child’s life and grow quickly for the first year. They may start to go away by the time the child is 5 years old. About half of all hemangiomas become smaller on their own by age 5. Hemangiomas may be in the top skin layers. Or they may be deeper in the skin.

Surgery, injections into the hemangioma, or an oral medicine called propranolol may be used for large or growing hemangiomas. These treatments may also be used for hemangiomas that are causing problems because of their location. Multiple treatments with a laser may also work well as a treatment.

Café au lait spots

These are tan-colored lesions that may appear anywhere on the body. The size of the lesions varies. Some can be very large, and cosmetic removal may be desired. It’s common for these spots to come back. Multiple lesions may mean that you have a related condition such as neurofibromatosis.

Telangiectasias

These are small blood vessels under the surface of the skin. They may be red, purple, or blue. They are often seen on the face, upper chest, and neck. Related vessels called spider veins can be found in the legs. Removal is usually done for cosmetic reasons. There are many causes of telangiectasias. These include heredity, sun damage, liver disease, pregnancy, emotions, hormones, some medicines, and rosacea. Treatment of these vessels may include lasers or sclerotherapy. Sclerotherapy is a procedure that uses a small needle to inject medicine into the vessels. This causes them to shrink. New vessels may continue to develop throughout the person's life. It depends on what causes them to form. KTP lasers and pulsed dye lasers are commonly used on the face.

Wrinkles

Laser treatment to help remove wrinkles is called a laser peel. This is one of the great advances in cosmetic surgery. When done by an experienced surgeon, this type of wrinkle removal process is safer than other methods of wrinkle removal. There is less chance of scarring, swelling, and crusting with a laser peel. Newer lasers have fewer side effects and a shorter recovery time. Before the surgery, your healthcare provider may prescribe facial medicines for you to use to help prepare your skin. These medicines may be used for 4 to 6 weeks before the laser peel. After the laser peel, your provider will explain proper skin care to prevent crust formation and infection. Sunscreen is an important part of your after-treatment skin care routine. Many different types of lasers may be used for laser peels.

Warts

Warts are noncancerous growths of the skin. They are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Warts often go away on their own. But many types of treatments have been used for wart removal. These include surgical removal, putting medicines on the wart, or freezing the wart. But these treatments may have some side effects. Laser treatment for removal may be a good option, especially if other treatments have not worked. Several laser treatments may be needed until the wart is gone. Pulsed dye lasers, carbon dioxide lasers, and Q-switched lasers have all been shown to work well for certain warts.

Scars

Scars may occur for many different reasons. These include infections, surgery, injuries, or inflammation of tissue. A scar is the body's natural way of healing and replacing lost or damaged skin. Scars may appear anywhere on the body. The makeup of a scar may vary. The scar may be flat, lumpy, sunken, colored, painful, or itchy. Scars may be treated with a variety of different lasers. This depends on the underlying cause of the scar. Lasers may be used to smooth a scar, remove the abnormal color of a scar, or flatten a scar. Laser treatment may make the scar less noticeable, but it won't completely get rid of it. Most laser therapy for scars is done along with other treatments such as steroid injections, special dressings, and bandages. Multiple treatments may be needed.

Tattoo removal

Many things help determine if laser surgery will be successful at removing a tattoo. These include:

• The person’s age and skin type

• The type of tattoo

• The tattoo’s age, color, size, and depth

• Whether or not the tattoo was done by a professional

Complete tattoo removal is not always possible. Different lasers or settings are needed to remove different colors. Laser removal of tattoos breaks up the color without damaging normal skin. The body then absorbs the pieces of pigment without leaving a scar, unlike previous tattoo removal methods. You will need multiple treatments and time between treatments for healing. Talk with your healthcare provider for more information.